GN 069 - Pressure Equipment Types and Taxonomy

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Category: Use & In-Service Inspection

APEK - 3788
GUIDANCE NOTE

PRESSURE EQUIPMENT TYPES AND TAXONOMY

 APEK GN 069
Ref 0
21/07/2019

Developed for: ACA, AICIP, AIE, AIES, AINDT, APIA, CAAA, Eng Aust, Met Aust, NATA, Stds Aust, Weld Aust, & all

 1   Scope

Gives “a systematic classification of pressure equipment (PE) in generic terms based on factor common to several PE” – ie PE taxonomy (Ref 1). It lists only the more common PE types.

 2   Purpose

To help the Pressure Industry community, the revision of AS/NZS 3788 and communication through use better understanding of PE types.

 3   Basis

Latest Australian, New Zealand and global practice and References 1 - 7.

 4   References

  1. ISO 14224-2016 "Petroleum and natural gas industries -Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment".
  2. AS 1228-2016  PE - Boilers.
  3. AS 4942-2001 PE - Glossary of terms.
  4. AS 2593-2004  Boiler management system.
  5. AS 4041-2006  Pressure piping.
  6. ATDGC - 201?  Australian Transport of Dangerous Goods Code.
  7. WTIA Report-"Improvement of Australian PE industry"- 27 Oct 2010

Figure 1 Pressure Plant & Equipment

 Notes

  1. In this Note, “plant” has the same meaning as in WHS Regs, and “pressure plant” means one or more items or combinations of “pressure equipment”, “pressure machines” and “pressure systems”.
  2. AS/NZS 1200 and WHS Regulations limit Group 1 PE to Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Pressure Piping. NZ Regs also include Steam Engine and Steam and Gas Turbine.   Vic OSH&S Regs – 2007 also for licensing of personnel define PE as boilers, turbines and reciprocating steam engines.
    Group II Gas cylinders are a special PV. Both have laws and Standards different from PE.
    Group III PE is often not regarded as PE because of low pressure or size e.g. consumer items covered by ADG Code, and tanks which are open or slightly pressurised at the top
  3. Machines are usually not subject to pressure regulations because of excellent safety record due to robust construction, low operating stress to limit distortion, and competent users. Hazards can be very high but risk is low.
  4. UN Transport of Dangerous Goods (Chapter 1.2) and ATDGC: “Pressure receptacles is a collective term that includes cylinders, “tubes”, pressure drums, closed cryogenic receptacles and bundles of cylinders”. Other pressure containers include aerosol dispenser and gas or fuel cell cartridges.

Fig 1    PRESSURE PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

 

Figure 2 Boilers

 Notes

  1. Numbers in brackets [..] are Clause numbers in Reference 2
  2. Definition     "A vessel or an arrangement of vessels and interconnecting parts, wherein steam or other vapour is generated, or water or other liquid is heated at a pressure above that of the atmosphere, and at temperature at or above the normal atmospheric boiling temperature of the liquid, by the application of fire, the products of combustion, electrical power or similar high temperature means. It also includes superheaters, reheaters, economizers, boiler piping, supports, mountings, valves, gauges, fittings, controls, the boiler setting and directly associated equipment. It excludes fired heaters."  (AS/NZS 1200)
  3. "Boiler" refers to both "boiler proper" i.e. main pressure retaining parts and accessories, and to "boiler plant" which includes "associated equipment", as covered in Ref 2.
  4. "Associated equipment" is equipment essential for PE operation eg fuel, water, protection and management systems.
  5. ASME BPVC Section 1 “Boilers” defines reheaters and isolated and non-integral superheaters as fired pressure vessels, and require them to built Section 1. In Australia they are treated as parts of boilers.
  6. WHS Regulations use "fired process heater" to clarify the difference from "boiler". AU industry treats "process" flexibly and includes fired heater for heat transfer oil for use in a process.
  7. In AU & NZ, temperature T >100C; in EU > 110C; & in USA > 120C.
  8. Electric boilers can be electrode, element (immersed or external) or microwave.
  9. Australian Miniature Boiler Safety Committee AMBSC Code Parts 1 - 4

FIGURE 2   BOILERS

 
Figure 3 - Pressure Vessel

Notes

  1. WHS Regulations use "fired process heater" to clarify the difference from "boiler". AU industry treats "process" flexibly and includes fired heater for heat transfer oil for use in a process.
  2. Definition   "A vessel subject to internal or external pressure. It includes interconnected parts and components, valves, gauges and other fittings up to the first point of connection to the connecting piping.  It also includes fired heaters and gas cylinders, but excludes any vessel that falls within the definition of boiler and pressure piping in this Standard". (AS-NZS 1200)
  3. Process vessels in AS/NZS 3788 include PV for Separation, Drying and Other Treatment

FIGURE 3      PRESSURE VESSELS

 

 Notes

  1. Sub types are the same as for pressure vessels – see Figure 3 except
    Form can be:
       Cylindrical or tubular of various cross-section; Flexible; Articulated; Spiral; Small bore (d <0.1D or <DN 25);
       Capillary (d< 1mm); Jacketed or lined; Header; Branch; Duct; Flue; Hose; Chute

FIGURE 4    PRESSURE PIPING

 

Figure 5 - Components and Accessories  Note:    An “item” is a general term applicable to anything. (Ref 1)

FIGURE 5      COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES

  Figure 6 - Pressure Machines

 FIGURE 6     PRESSURE MACHINES

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